Amir Ibn Raiq dan Muizz ad-Dawla

Dua peristiwa yang mengubah sejarah Abbasid menjadikan kuasa mereka diambil oleh emir/amir serta pembesar tentera. Peristiwa pertama adalah lantikan Ibn Raiq sebagai amir. Yang kedua, munculnya pembesar Dinasti Buyid.

Perlantikan Ibn Raiq berlaku ketika period pemerintahan Abbasid ke20, al-Radi (r.934-940) – entri dec 2009 (link). Kemunculan Buyid Muizz al-Dawla pula adalah ketika period Abbasid ke22, al-Mustaqfi (r.944-946) – entri jan 2010 (link).

The first amīr al-umarā’ was Ibn Rā’iq, a commander of Khazar origin who was called to Baghdad in 936. While none of the initial amirs lasted long in his position, the chief amir soon surpassed the caliph himself in terms of military power, and this ended up being an irreversible turn of events.

The Buyids, a powerful Daylamite dynasty from northwestern Iran with Shī’a leanings, took Baghdad in 945 and soon did away with most of its rivals in Persia and Iraq. Mu’izz al-Dawla was declared the first Buyid amīr al-umarā’, and the military and political subordination of the caliphate was thus institutionalized.

Source – thesis MA Osu page 8/133 [folder D 3a mac 2019]

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